In the context of early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), topiramate significantly reduced the elevated levels of TNF-, IL-1, and IL-6 induced by SAH, suggesting that topiramate may exert neuroprotection via its anti-inflammatory effects ( In an experimental model of abdominal aortic aneurysm, topiramate markedly downregulated pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage activity, reduced the expression of TNF-, IL-1, and matrix metalloproteinase-9, and promoted a phenotypic shift of macrophages from M1 to M2, thereby mitigating pro-inflammatory activity and enhancing tissue repair processes ( These studies collectively suggest that topiramate exerts significant neuroprotective effects across various pathological models through its potent anti-inflammatory properties
That visibility has brought both increased interest and increased confusion, making it harder to separate established science from emerging or unsupported claims
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Primary hepatocytes from mice lacking cysteine dioxygenase show increased cysteine concentrations and higher rates of metabolism of cysteine to hydrogen sulfide and thiosulfate
Abbreviations GLP: Glucagon-like peptide ROS: Reactive oxygen species FC: Functional constipation AD: Atopic dermatitis References Hannigan GD, Duhaime MB, Ruffin IVMT, Koumpouras CC, Schloss PD (2018) Diagnostic potential and interactive dynamics of the colorectal cancer virome
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